How does Super Kamiokande work?

How does Super Kamiokande work?

The Super-Kamiokande detects electrons knocked off a water molecule producing a flash of blue Cherenkov light, and these are produced both by neutrinos and antineutrinos. A rarer instance is when an antineutrino interacts with a proton in water to produce a neutron and a positron.

What is hyper K?

Hyperkalemia is the medical term that describes a potassium level in your blood that’s higher than normal. Potassium is a chemical that is critical to the function of nerve and muscle cells, including those in your heart. Your blood potassium level is normally 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

How much did Super Kamiokande cost?

Cabinet greenlights US$600-million Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, which scientists hope will bring revolutionary discoveries.

Can you visit Super Kamiokande?

From the viewpoint of safety management in the mine, individual tours are not permitted as a general rule. However, for educational and research-related organizations, visits may be accepted after coordination.

How is Hyper K treated?

A typical regimen is 10 U of regular insulin and 50 mL of dextrose 50% in water (D50W). The onset of action is within 20-30 minutes, and the duration is variable, ranging from 2 to 6 hours. Continuous infusions of insulin and glucose-containing IV fluids can be used for prolonged effect.

What drugs increase K?

Other drugs that may increase potassium include: Anectine (succinylcholine) may increase blood levels of potassium….Hyperkalemia

• Lotensin (benazepril)
• Vasotec (enalapril)
• Prinivil (lisinopril)
• Accupril (quinapril)
• Altace (ramipril)
• Trandolapril.
• Captopril.
• Moexipril.

What happens if K is high?

If high potassium happens suddenly and you have very high levels, you may feel heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, or vomiting. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical care. If you have these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

Where is the largest neutrino detector located?

IceCube is a state-of-the-art neutrino telescope at the geographical South Pole, buried deep under the surface of the Antarctic ice cap. With more than five thousand optical sensors distributed over a cubic kilometer of ice, IceCube is the biggest particle detector world-wide.

Who solved the solar neutrino problem?

The solar neutrino problem was solved on June 18, 2001 [1] by a team of collaborative Canadian, American, and British scientists. The results came from an experiment in a detector full of 1,000 tons of heavy water (D2O, or wa- ter composed of deuterium in place of hydrogen.

What is a neutrino burst?

Supernova neutrinos are produced when a massive star collapses at the end of its life, ejecting its outer mantle in an explosion. Wilson’s delayed neutrino explosion mechanism has been used for 30 years to explain core collapse supernova.

Can you visit Kamioka Observatory?

The entrance to KamiokaLab. Admission is free. The unusually named Kamiokande and Super Kamiokande observatories gained international renown first in 2002, when Koshiba Masatoshi won the Nobel Prize for physics for his discoveries there, and then again in 2015, when Kajita Takaaki was similarly honored.

How do you catch neutrinos?

A neutrino is able to react with an atom of gallium-71, converting it into an atom of the unstable isotope germanium-71. The germanium was then chemically extracted and concentrated. Neutrinos were thus detected by measuring the radioactive decay of germanium.

Where is the Super Kamiokande experiment?

Super-Kamiokande is located 1000 m underground in the Kamioka mine, Gifu prefecture, Japan. The horizontal entrance tunnel leads us to the experimental area through 1.7 km drive, which allows us to access the detector for 24 h for maintenance.

What is the first treatment for hyperkalemia?

Treatment should be started with calcium gluconate to stabilize cardiomyocyte membranes, followed by insulin injection, and b-agonists administration. Hemodialysis remains the most reliable method to remove potassium from the body and should be used in cases refractory to medical treatment.

What is the fastest way to cure hyperkalemia?

The Importance of Hyperkalemia Treatment Water pills (diuretics), which rid the body of extra fluids and remove potassium through urine. Sodium bicarbonate, which temporarily shifts potassium into body cells. Albuterol, which raises blood insulin levels and shifts potassium into body cells.

What drug reverses hyperkalemia?

Patients with hyperkalemia and characteristic ECG changes should be given intravenous calcium gluconate. Acutely lower potassium by giving intravenous insulin with glucose, a beta2 agonist by nebulizer, or both. Total body potassium should usually be lowered with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate).

What causes hyper potassium?

The most common cause of high potassium is kidney disease. Other causes of high potassium include: Dehydration. Some medicines.

What causes elevated K?

The most common cause of genuinely high potassium (hyperkalemia) is related to your kidneys, such as: Acute kidney failure. Chronic kidney disease.

What does high K mean in blood test?

High potassium (called “hyperkalemia”) is a medical problem in which you have too much potassium in your blood. Your body needs potassium. It is an important nutrient that is found in many of the foods you eat. Potassium helps your nerves and muscles, including your heart, work the right way.

What causes hyper hypokalemia?

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are common causes of hyperkalemia.