Lanthanum Strontium Manganite: What Is It

Lanthanum strontium manganite: what is it?

For solid oxide fuel cells with zirconia-based electrolytes, lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) is a well-known cathode material with good physical and chemical properties. LSM has long been used as a successful cathode in the SOFC industry. Magnetic sensors are made of perovskite manganites, which are known as functional materials with enormous magnetoresistance. We describe the synthesis and characterization of bulk polycrystalline La0. Ca0. MnO3, La0. Sr0. MnO3, and La0. Ba0. MnO3 materials.Due to its high electrical conductivity, high electrochemical activity for the O2 reduction reaction, compatibility with YSZ at . LSM) is still the most practical electrode material for use in large-scale SOFCs.The bulk manganite LSMO is a slightly deformed pseudocubic perovskite lattice with a lattice parameter abulk = 0. The cubic structure of the STO substrate has a lattice parameter of 0 point 3905 nm.Since the discovery of the massive magnetoresistance effect in 1994, a wide range of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of perovskite manganites have been extensively studied.The oxide ceramic material lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM or LSMO) has the general formula La1xSrxMnO3 where x denotes the doping level.

What is the purpose of lanthanum?

The carbon arc lights used in the motion picture industry for projector lights and studio lighting are made with lanthanum, one of the rare earth elements used in their production. Additionally, Misch metal, a substance used to create flints for lighters, contains about 25% lanthanum.Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air.Lanthanum is the first element in the third transition series, with one 5d electron and two 6s electrons. From cerium to lutetium, atoms have two to fourteen electrons in 4f- orbitals, respectively.What is the difference between lanthanoids and lanthanides? Fifteen elements La-Lu are lanthanoids and fourteen elements Ce-Lu without lanthanum are lanthanides (meaning the elements similar to lanthanum). Occasionally the names are confused and 15 elements including lanthanum may be called lanthanides.

What is the main use of lanthanum?

Lanthanum is an important component of mischmetal alloy (about 20 percent). The best-known use for this alloy is in ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters. Rare earth’ compounds containing lanthanum are used extensively in carbon lighting applications, such as studio lighting and cinema projection. Interesting Lanthanum Facts. Lanthanum is a metal so soft it can be cut with a butter knife. It is highly malleable and ductile. Although the freshly cut metal is bright silver, it rapidly oxidizes or tarnishes in air.Lanthanum metal has no commercial uses. However, its alloys have a variety of uses. A lanthanum-nickel alloy is used to store hydrogen gas for use in hydrogen-powered vehicles. Lanthanum is also found in the anode of nickel metal hydride batteries used in hybrid cars.Lanthanum is a soft, malleable, ductile, silver-white metal. Lanthanum is naturally found in sediments.The chemical Lanthanum is found in modern television sets, the energy saving lamps, fluorescent tubes, etc. It is used in the field of optics as lenses and radiation absorbing glasses. It is known to increase the resistivity and malleability of steel. It is also used for catalysis in the field of petroleum refineries.

Which lanthanide is most commonly used?

Ce is most commonly used lanthanide, nobelium (No) and Th(thorium) are actinides. Hint: lanthanum has partially filled f-orbitals and so it is an f-block element. The entire group is called lanthanides because lanthanum is their first element, and they all are similar in properties.Lanthanum is a white, malleable metal; it is the first member of the third series of transition metals, and the first of the rare earths. Lanthanum is found with other lanthanides in the ore minerals monazite, bastnaesite, and xenotime, and in other minerals. It was discovered in 1839 by the Swedish chemist Carl G.In terms of the electrons they are most stable in the ground state or lowest possible energy. This means that we fill the lowest energy levels first. By the addition of one electron to the 5d raises the energy of the level so that the next electrons go to 4f. Hence Lanthanum [Xe] 5d1 6s2 instead of [Xe] 6s2 4f1.

What are 3 important uses of lanthanum?

The chemical Lanthanum is found in modern television sets, the energy saving lamps, fluorescent tubes, etc. It is used in the field of optics as lenses and radiation absorbing glasses. It is known to increase the resistivity and malleability of steel. It is also used for catalysis in the field of petroleum refineries. Lanthanum is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. Like most other rare earth elements, the usual oxidation state is +3. Lanthanum has no biological role in humans but is essential to some bacteria. It is not particularly toxic to humans but does show some antimicrobial activity.Lanthanum is used as an additive to make nodular cast iron and as an additive in steel. Flame lighter flints use misch metal (a rare earth alloy) containing lanthanum to produce sparks by friction. Lanthanum is used in hydrogen sponge alloys, which take up to 400 times their own volume of hydrogen gas.Europium is the most reactive of the lanthanides, oxidizing readily in air and water, and ignites when heated to 180°C. In its compounds it is usually found in the +2 or +3 oxidation state. Europium is used as in the red phosphor in the cathode-ray tubes in TVs and computer monitors.The lanthanide oxides are used, both as natural-ratio mixed oxides and also as high-purity compounds, in the glass, ceramic, electronics, chemical and nuclear industries. In addition, after reduction to the metal, they are incorporated in specialty steels and cast iron.

What are 2 facts about lanthanum?

Lanthanum is the 28th most-abundant element within the Earth’s crust and only about 0. Lanthanum was first discovered by Swedish chemist Carl G. Mosander when he was able to extract it from cerite, a cerium-rich mineral, in 1839. Lanthanum is a ductile and malleable silvery white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the second most reactive of the rare-earth metals after europium.Lanthanum is one of the rare earth elements used to make carbon arc lights which are used in the motion picture industry for studio lighting and projector lights. Lanthanum also makes up about 25 percent of Misch metal, a material that is used to make flints for lighters.These elements are called lanthanides because the elements in the series are chemically similar to lanthanum.