What Is Bose-einstein Condensate And Who Discovered It

What is Bose-Einstein condensate and who discovered it?

Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein were the first to predict the BEC phenomenon: a group of identical Bose particles will collectively transition to the lowest energy state, or BEC, when they come close enough to one another and move slowly enough. As the fifth state of matter after solids, liquids, gases, and plasma, this chilly substance was first proposed by Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose in the early 1920s. It is a supercooled gas that no longer behaves as individual atoms and particles, but rather an entity in a single quantum state.Plasma, the fourth state of matter (beyond the conventional solids, liquids and gases), is an ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles.Gases, liquids, solids, and plasmas are the four common states of matter encountered in daily life. Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), which scientists first produced in the lab 25 years ago, are a fifth state of matter, though.One of the various configurations that matter can take is a state, according to physics. In daily life, we can observe four different states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

How significant is Bose-Einstein condensate?

Quantum mechanical tunneling is a significant phenomenon visible in Bose Einstein Condensates. It means that a small fraction of the condensate can overcome a barrier that could not be overcome by a classical particle. A fraction of the condensate tunnels through this barrier. Bose-Einstein condensates are an excellent environment for testing quantum field theory in real time and at limited temperatures—basic concepts that are crucial for a variety of physical systems.Until 1995, Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) could be found only in superfluid helium-4 and helium-3 and in the Cooper pairs of superconductors. These systems exhibit unusual phenomena and present unusual challenges to theory because of their strong interaction.Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) – were first predicted by Professor Albert Einstein and Indian mathematician Satyendra Nath Bose, almost a century ago. The atoms at this point merge into a single entity with quantum characteristics, where each particle also serves as a wave of matter.It is a type of matter where individual atoms or subatomic particles come together to form a single quantum mechanical entity when cooled to almost absolute zero. Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose first made general predictions about this state in 1924–1925.Two examples of materials containing Bose-Einstein condensates are superconductors and superfluids. With almost no electrical resistance, superconductors can conduct electricity; once a current is started, it never stops. A superfluid’s liquid also flows indefinitely.

What is Bose-Einstein condensate in simple words?

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a nearly macroscopic scale, occurs when these particles are cooled to a temperature close to absolute zero (0 K, or 273 points 15 degrees Celsius or 459 points 67 degrees Fahrenheit; K = kelvin). The BEC is created by cooling a gas to extremely low temperatures, where its density is just one hundred thousandth that of ordinary air.When you boil water, steam that is made up of water (H2O) vapor condenses on the pot’s lid. It cools on the metal and becomes a liquid again. You would then have a condensate. The BEC happens at super low temperatures.Liquid helium served as the standard illustration of Bose-Einstein condensation for many years. The viscosity vanishes and the behavior of liquid helium changes from that of an ordinary liquid to that of a so-called superfluid. The Bose-Einstein condensate is known as the enigmatic ‘fifth state’ of matter, alongside solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas. Now, experts have created the first Bose-Einstein condensate from quasiparticles – entities that are not elementary particles but exhibit similar properties, such as charge and spin.The use of lasers to cool and trap an atom gas. A magnetic trap then allows the hottest atoms to escape, resulting in a gas so cold and so dense that it coalesces into a “superatom”—the Bose-Einstein condensate.When the proper conditions are achieved, even multiple fermions, which normally cannot occupy the same quantum state, can reach a state known as a Fermionic condensate, where they all achieve the lowest-energy configuration possible. This is the seventh state of matter.Note: Solid, liquid, gas and plasma are called the four fundamental states of matter. Superfluid, Bose-Einstein condensate, Fermionic condensate, Rydberg molecule, Quantum Hall state, Photonic matter, Dropleton are called the low-temperature states.Sometimes referred to as the ‘fifth state of matter’, a Bose-Einstein Condensate is a state of matter created when particles, called bosons, are cooled to near absolute zero (-273. Celsius, or -460 degrees Fahrenheit).

What is Class 9 of the Bose-Einstein condensate?

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (that is, very near 0 K or ? C). Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which point macroscopic quantum phenomena become apparent. In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (−273. C or −459. F).A gas of atoms is trapped and cooled by lasers. A magnetic trap then allows the hottest atoms to escape, resulting in a gas so cold and so dense that it coalesces into a “superatom”—the Bose-Einstein condensate.In BEC the system is a gas at high temperature, and then condenses into the superfluid state without an intervening liquid phase. The true ground state is typically a solid that is many orders of magnitude more dense than the BEC, even though the BEC is generally quite stable in most systems that are studied experimentally.To make a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start with a cloud of diffuse gas. Many experiments start with atoms of rubidium. After that, you cool it with lasers, removing energy from the atoms with the beams. Then, scientists use evaporative cooling to further cool them.