What is the theory of relativity PDF?

What is the theory of relativity PDF?

The special theory of relativity was based on two main postulates: first, that the speed of light is constant for all observers; and second, that observers moving at constant speeds should be subject to the same physical laws.

How do you explain the theory of relativity?

Essentially, it’s a theory of gravity. The basic idea is that instead of being an invisible force that attracts objects to one another, gravity is a curving or warping of space. The more massive an object, the more it warps the space around it.

What are the three theories of relativity?

Gravitational time dilation: Clocks run slower in deeper gravitational wells. Precession: Orbits precess in a way unexpected in Newton’s theory of gravity. (This has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in binary pulsars). Light deflection: Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational field.

What is special theory of relativity in simple words?

Special relativity is an explanation of how speed affects mass, time and space. The theory includes a way for the speed of light to define the relationship between energy and matter — small amounts of mass (m) can be interchangeable with enormous amounts of energy (E), as defined by the classic equation E = mc^2.

What is a simple example of relativity?

A Relative Example One example of relativity is to imagine two people on a train playing ping-pong. The train is traveling at around 30 m/s north. When the ball is hit back and forth between the two players, the ball appears to the players to move north at a speed of around 2 m/s and then south at the speed of 2 m/s.

Why is it called relativity theory?

Einstein’s theory gets its name because it describes how measurements of space and time differ for observers moving relative to one another.

How is relativity used in everyday life?

GPS Navigators The Theory of Relativity, published by Einstein in 1915, explains why clocks on satellites are ahead of those on Earth by 38,000 nanoseconds. It doesn’t seem like much, but if these nanoseconds weren’t accounted for, GPS systems would be off by kilometers.

What is the theory of relativity in one sentence?

According to the theory of general relativity, matter causes space to curve. It is posited that gravitation is not a force, as understood by Newtonian physics, but a curved field (an area of space under the influence of a force) in the space-time continuum that is actually created by the presence of mass.

What is the purpose of relativity?

Formulated by Albert Einstein beginning in 1905, the theory of relativity explains the behavior of objects in space and time, and it can be used to predict things such as the existence of black holes, light bending due to gravity and the behavior of planets in their orbits.

What are the two types of relativity?

The theory of relativity is traditionally broken into two parts, special and general relativity. Special relativity provides a framework for translating physical events and laws into forms appropriate for any inertial frame of reference. General relativity addresses the problem of accelerated motion and gravity.

Who proved the theory of relativity?

In 1916, Albert Einstein published his general theory of relativity in full mathematical detail. That opened the window on a radically new framework for physics, abolishing established notions of space and time and replacing Newton’s formulation of the laws of gravity.

What are the two principles of Einstein’s theory of relativity?

The special theory of relativity is founded on two basic principles: that the laws of physics should be independent of the uniform motion of an inertial frame of reference, and that the speed of light should have the same constant value in any such frame.

What is the first principle of Einstein’s theory of relativity?

Principle of Relativity: The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference. It follows that: Absolute motion cannot appear in any law of physics. All experiments run the same in all inertial frames of reference.

Is time absolute or relative?

The time is absolute. The mass is absolute. The special relativity and the general relativity do not hold in the nature. The gravity does not diffract or bend light.

How many types of theories of relativity are there?

Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity encompasses two theories: Special Relativity Theory and General Relativity Theory.

What is the Third Law of relativity?

Miron Tuval, Asher Yahalom. Newton’s third law states that any action is countered by a reaction of equal magnitude but opposite direction. The total force in a system not affected by external forces is thus zero.

What are Albert Einstein’s theories?

Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels, according to Wired (opens in new tab).

What was Einstein’s first theory of relativity?

In his 1905 theory of relativity (later named the “special theory”), Einstein’s insistence that the laws of physics must appear identical to observers in uniform relative motion led to the prediction that space and time are neither independent nor absolute.