Where is the Super-Kamiokande experiment?

Where is the Super-Kamiokande experiment?

Super-Kamiokande is located 1000 m underground in the Kamioka mine, Gifu prefecture, Japan. The horizontal entrance tunnel leads us to the experimental area through 1.7 km drive, which allows us to access the detector for 24 h for maintenance.

What is hyper K?

Hyperkalemia is the medical term that describes a potassium level in your blood that’s higher than normal. Potassium is a chemical that is critical to the function of nerve and muscle cells, including those in your heart. Your blood potassium level is normally 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

Why was Super-Kamiokande built?

The enormous size of the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) will enable it to detect unprecedented numbers of neutrinos produced by various sources — including cosmic rays, the Sun, supernovae and beams artificially produced by an existing particle accelerator.

What does neutrino detector do?

A neutrino detector is a physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos. Because neutrinos only weakly interact with other particles of matter, neutrino detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos.

How does Super-Kamiokande work?

The Super-Kamiokande detects electrons knocked off a water molecule producing a flash of blue Cherenkov light, and these are produced both by neutrinos and antineutrinos. A rarer instance is when an antineutrino interacts with a proton in water to produce a neutron and a positron.

Can you visit Super-Kamiokande?

From the viewpoint of safety management in the mine, individual tours are not permitted as a general rule. However, for educational and research-related organizations, visits may be accepted after coordination.

What happens if K is high?

If high potassium happens suddenly and you have very high levels, you may feel heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, or vomiting. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical care. If you have these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

How do you fix hyperkalemia?

A typical regimen is 10 U of regular insulin and 50 mL of dextrose 50% in water (D50W). The onset of action is within 20-30 minutes, and the duration is variable, ranging from 2 to 6 hours. Continuous infusions of insulin and glucose-containing IV fluids can be used for prolonged effect.

What are the dangers of a high K+ level?

Hyperkalemia occurs when potassium levels in your blood get too high. Potassium is an essential nutrient found in foods. This nutrient helps your nerves and muscles function. But too much potassium in your blood can damage your heart and cause a heart attack.

Who solved the solar neutrino problem?

The solar neutrino problem was solved on June 18, 2001 [1] by a team of collaborative Canadian, American, and British scientists. The results came from an experiment in a detector full of 1,000 tons of heavy water (D2O, or wa- ter composed of deuterium in place of hydrogen.

What is a neutrino burst?

Supernova neutrinos are produced when a massive star collapses at the end of its life, ejecting its outer mantle in an explosion. Wilson’s delayed neutrino explosion mechanism has been used for 30 years to explain core collapse supernova.

When was Super-Kamiokande built?

The Super-Kamiokande was built so deep into the ground in order to shield the device from cosmic rays and other particles which can adversely affect observation. Construction started in 1991 and the observation facility went into operation in April 1996.

How do neutrinos affect humans?

Neutrinos don’t really affect the everyday lives of most humans: they don’t make up atoms (like electrons, protons and neutrons), and they don’t play a crucial role in objects their mass (like the Higgs boson).

Can humans see neutrinos?

Neutrinos are so small that they seldom bump into atoms so humans can’t feel them. They don’t shed light, so our eyes can’t see them.

What can block a neutrino?

Now we know Earth blocks neutrinos

• A visual representation of one of the highest-energy neutrino detections, superimposed on a view of the IceCube Lab near Earth’s South Pole. …
• At the highest energies, neutrinos will be absorbed by Earth and will never make it to IceCube.

Why are neutrino detectors built deep underground?

If the detector tank was above ground, millions of cosmic ray interactions would easily drown out the rare neutrino signals. But with the detector deep underground, cosmic rays are stopped by interactions with Earth’s atoms while neutrinos pass right through to leave their mark in the detector.

What is neutrino and antineutrino?

A neutrino is a fermion that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity. The mass of the neutrino is much smaller than that of the other known elementary particles. The antineutrino (or anti-neutrino) is a lepton, an antimatter particle, the counterpart to the neutrino.

Why do neutrinos oscillate?

Neutrino oscillation arises from mixing between the flavor and mass eigenstates of neutrinos. That is, the three neutrino states that interact with the charged leptons in weak interactions are each a different superposition of the three (propagating) neutrino states of definite mass.

What causes hyper potassium?

Advanced kidney disease is a common cause of hyperkalemia. A diet high in potassium. Eating too much food that is high in potassium can also cause hyperkalemia, especially in people with advanced kidney disease. Foods such as cantaloupe, honeydew melon, orange juice, and bananas are high in potassium.

What does high K mean in blood test?

High potassium levels may be a sign of: Kidney disease. Your kidneys remove extra potassium from your body. Too much potassium may mean your kidneys aren’t working well. Addison disease, a disorder of the adrenal glands.

What causes hyper hypokalemia?

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are common causes of hyperkalemia.

What does insulin K+ do?

Effects on insulin: Insulin is a potent stimulus for hypokalaemia, sparing body potassium from urinary excretion by transporting it into cells. Potassium also appears to play a key role in the antinatriuretic effect of insulin.